Disater Recovery Plan Essay

Appoint coordinator/project leader, if the leader is not the dean or chairperson. 1. Determine most appropriate plan organization for the unit 2. Identify and convene planning team and sub-teams as appropriate (for example, lead computer support personnel should be in the team if the plan will involve recovery of digital data and documents). 3. At the unit level a. scope – the area covered by the disaster recovery plan, and objectives – b. assumptions 4. Set project timetable 5. Obtain approval of scope, assumptions and project plan, if the leader is not the administrator. Step Two – Conduct Business Impact Analysis In order to complete the business impact analysis, most units will perform the following steps: 1. Identify functions, processes and systems 2. Interview information systems support personnel 3. Interview business unit personnel 4. Analyze results to determine critical systems, applications and business processes 5. Prepare impact analysis of interruption on critical systems Step Three – Conduct Risk Assessment 1. Review physical security (e.g. secure office, building access off hours, etc.) 2. Review backup systems 3. Review data security 4. Review policies on personnel termination and transfer 5. Identify systems supporting mission critical functions 6. (Such as flood, tornado, physical attacks, etc.) 7. Assess probability of system failure or disruption 8. Prepare risk and security analysis Step Four – Develop Strategic Outline for Recovery 1. Assemble groups as appropriate for: Hardware and operating systems Communications Applications Facilities Other critical functions and business processes as identified in the Business Impact Analysis 1 For each system/process above quantify the following processing requirements: Light, normal and heavy processing days Transaction volumes Dollar volume (if any) Estimated processing time Allowable delay (days, hours, minutes, etc.) Detail all the steps in your workflow for each critical business function Identify systems and application Component name and technical id (if any) Type (online, batch process, script) Frequency Run time Allowable delay (days, hours, minutes, etc.) Identify vital records (e.g., libraries, processing schedules, procedures, research, advising records, etc.) Name and description Type (e.g., backup, original, master, history, etc.) Where are they stored Source of item or record Can the record be easily replaced from another source (e.g., reference materials) Backup Backup generation frequency Number of backup generations available onsite Number of backup generations available off-site Location of backups Media type Retention period Rotation cycle Who is authorized to retrieve the backups? 1 Identify if a severe disruption occurred what would be the minimum requirements/replacement needs to perform the critical function during the disruption. Type (e.g. server hardware, software, research materials, etc.) Item name and description Quantity required Location of inventory, alternative, or offsite storage Vendor/supplier 7. Identify if alternate methods of processing either exist or could be developed, quantifying where possible, impact on processing. (Include manual processes.) 8. Identify person(s) who supports the system or application 9. Identify primary person to contact if system or application cannot function as normal 10. Identify secondary person to contact if system or application cannot function as normal 11. Identify all vendors associated with the system or application 12. Document unit strategy during recovery (conceptually how will the unit function?) 13. Quantify resources required for recovery, by time frame (e.g., 1 pc per day, 3 people per hour, etc.) 14. Develop and document recovery strategy, including: Priorities for recovering system/function components Recovery schedule Step Five – Review Onsite and Offsite Backup and Recovery Procedures 1. Review current records (OS, Code, System Instructions, documented processes, etc.) requiring protection 2. Review current offsite storage facility or arrange for one 3. Review backup and offsite storage policy or create one 4. Present to unit leader for approval Step Six – Select Alternate Facility ALTERNATE SITE: A location, other than the normal facility, used to process data and/or conduct critical business functions in the event of a disaster. 1. Determine resource requirements 2. Assess platform uniqueness of unit systems 3. Identify alternative facilities 4. Review cost/benefit 5. Evaluate and make recommendation 6. Present to unit leader for approval 7. Make selection Step Seven – Develop Recovery Plan The steps for developing the Recovery Plan are listed below in outline form to demonstrate how a unit may choose to organize their Disaster Recovery Plan. 1. Objective Establish unit information 2. Plan Assumptions 3. Criteria for invoking the plan Document emergency response procedures to occur during and a fter an emergency (i.e. ensure evacuation of all individuals, call the fire department, after the emergency check the building before allowing individuals to return) Document procedures for assessment and declaring a state of emergency Document notification procedures for alerting unit and university officials Document notification procedures for alerting vendors Document notification procedures for alerting unit staff and notifying of alternate work procedures or locations. 1 Roles Responsibilities and Authority Identify unit personnel Recovery team description and charge Recovery team staffing Transportation schedules for media and teams 1 Procedures for operating in contingency mode Process descriptions Minimum processing requirements Determine categories for vital records Identify location of vital records Identify forms requirements Document critical forms Establish equipment descriptions Document equipment – in the recovery site Document equipment – in the unit Software descriptions Software used in recovery Software used in production Produce logical drawings of communication and data networks in the unit Produce logical drawings of communication and data networks during recovery Vendor list Review vendor restrictions Miscellaneous inventory Communication needs – production Communication needs – in the recovery site 1 Resource plan for operating in contingency mode 2 Criteria for returning to normal operating mode 3 Procedures for returning to normal operating mode 4 Procedures for recovering lost or damaged data 5 Testing and Training Document Testing Dates Complete disaster/disruption scenarios Develop action plans for each scenario Plan Maintenance Document Maintenance Review Schedule (yearly, quarterly, etc.) Maintenance Review action plans Maintenance Review recovery teams Maintenance Review team activities Maintenance Review/revise tasks Maintenance Review/revise documentation Step Eight – Test the Plan 1. Develop test strategy 2. Develop test plans 3. Conduct tests 4. Modify the plan as necessary Step Nine – Maintain the Plan 1. Review changes in the environment, technology, and procedures 2. Develop maintenance triggers and procedures 3. Submit changes for systems development procedures 4. Modify unit change management procedures 5. Produce plan updates and distribute Step Ten – Perform Periodic Audit 1. Establish periodic review and update procedures

Important Characteristics of a Co-Worker Essay

We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people. In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important. Answer It is efficient to work with co-workers. We can cooperate to successfully accomplish a job. However, not all co-workers are good partners. There are characteristics to be a good colleague. Of them, three of the characteristics are described in the following paragraphs. First, good co-workers are cooperative. We tackle the same work together. Thus, we have to cheer ourselves. For example, if one of the members mistakes, the others should encourage him or her. They make up for the mistake together. We get to trust each other by this event. Therefore, we can do our best by cooperating at any time. Second, good co-workers are smart. When smart workers work together, the work goes on well. It is strong for business if people gather together to make an elite group. Nowadays, business is very combative. We have to win the game to any other groups. Otherwise, we will lose in the society. People want to work with smart co-workers to succeed. The group will give benefits to any members of the group. Third, good co-workers are ardent to any job. It is fundamental, but is very significant. When people work with somebody, they have to work enthusiastically. This behavior stimulates other people. Unenthusiastic people look lazy. They look to work as they want if they are not. That is because other people of the group do not feel good to work with them. A project should tackle cheerfully. If they do not work enthusiastically, the ambience of the group will changes very badly. To work with unenthusiastic people is a disadvantage for the group. Overall, characteristics of co-workers are important. To encounter the best co-workers is rare. However, the characteristics above are at least sought by our society. These conditions are manners to work with other people.

IPO(Initial Public Offerings) industry in HongKong Term Paper

IPO(Initial Public Offerings) industry in HongKong - Term Paper Example The current discussion is aimed at analysing the IPO industry in Hong Kong. In last few years, IPOs have been transforming the financial structure of a number of private limited companies in the country. Hong Kong is considered as the world’s leading financial centers having a capitalist economy driven by low taxation and free trade. Hong Kong is considered as the most important international financial center and in the 2009-10 year, it raised 22% of the worldwide IPO capital making it the largest IPOs in the world and thus signifying the importance of IPOs. Hong Kong is considered as the international financial center mainly because of the passive government’s policies with no control over the imports and exports (Browning, 2014). Hong Kong has suffered a dip in the IPO volumes in last two years mainly because of the financial breakdown in the Asian and European economies. However, things have been improving a lot in last few years with a number of private limited companies lining up for the IPOs. The performance of Hong Kong IPO industry has been remarkably positive and lucrative in last few years making it one of the highly preferred economic destinations for a number of investors. The major purpose of the discussion is to understand the legal framework and procedures of the industry along with focusin g on the recent development and trends in a critical manner (Brown, 2014). As per the research conducted by KPMG (2013), it was found that funds raised via Hong Kong listing will increase to more than HKD200 billion in the year 2014. Hong Kong registered more than HKD 160 billion with more than 90 companies listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange. Furthermore, it is expected that the IPO industry of Hong Kong will witness a rise in IPOs by 78% from the previous year in the year 2014. This states the significance of

Essay on Daoism Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On Daoism - Essay Example In addition to the scenario, quest of Western materialism for peace has also provided Daoism with the opportunity for huge appreciation as a philosophical discipline. According to Eva Wong â€Å"Many people will experience, at least once in their lifetime, the urge to venture beyond the everyday world of the mundane into the world of spirit. These journeys into the spiritual world often take us into a universe we normally do not encounter in our daily lives, and allow us to explore regions of our consciousness that we have not before known† (1). While the Western philosophical discipline often fails to answer an individual’s questions regarding spiritual consciousness, Daoism, in this context, has been regarded as an effective source to solve these queries: â€Å"The spiritual landscape of Taoism is a kaleidoscope of colors and sounds. It is also a land of silence and stillness. It can be friendly and attractive, and at the same time challenging and dangerous† (W ong 1). Irrespective of the fact that it is quite difficult to restrain Daoism within a particular time frame, however, it can be said approximately that in A.D. 215 journey of Daoism commenced as a religious discipline through initiatives of Cao Cao (Robinet, and Brooks 2). Like all the major religious disciplines Daoism is still very much alive and continuously evolving. Though Cao Cao can be identified as a prime figure in recognizing Daoism, however, it has been widely argued that Daoism has never been founded and it is continuously evolving through different dimensions of human lives (Hu, and Allen 6). Daoism as a Religious Discipline: The literal meaning of Dao or Tao is â€Å"the way, the road people walk on† (Hu, and Allen 3). There are numerous instances of wide usage of the terminology in various philosophical disciplines of ancient China and consequently also makes it clear that Daoism cannot be confined within scope a particular philosophical domain; rather the ev aluative capacity of this discipline is actually a result of different ideologies: â€Å"The â€Å"Tao† of the Tao Te Ching (Daodejing, Taoism’s foremost sacred text) was actually only one of many understandings of the word in ancient China. However, just as the â€Å"Tao† of the Tao Te Ching is the original force that encompasses all, the religion and philosophical system inspired by Tao Te Ching has also demonstrated inclusiveness by incorporating many other ancient understandings of the word into Taoism itself† (Hu, and Allen 3-4). Thus, the vast expanse of Daoism encompasses almost all dimensions of human life, especially in the Chinese cultural context. This integrity is one of the main reasons that the differencing limits between being Daoist and being Chinese is often blurred. Apart from scholarly and academic disciplines, the common people of China also encounter the problem when it comes to differentiating between being a Daoist and being a Chine se. The evolutionary process of the religious and philosophic discipline is so deeply associated with every dimension of Chinese socio-cultural existence that starting from daily life style, attitude towards life, personal philosophy, healthcare and even different incidents of the Chinese social history bear the evidence of the influence of Daoism: â€Å"Taoism has interacted with integrated many elements of what is now recognized as Chinese civilization, and,

Management Styles within Large and Small Firms and How These Styles Essay

Management Styles within Large and Small Firms and How These Styles May Impact On the Employment Relationship - Essay Example This adoption of managerial styles has yielded long term workforce commitment and led to sustainable levels of overall organisational success (Turnbull and Blyton, 2004, p22). This statement clearly implies that management styles have a profound and measurable impact on the long run success of firms, although there have been claims that the managerial styles in large firms differ from those adopted in small firms (Longnecker et al., 2000, p75), due to a number of possible reasons. As a result, the employment relationship also differs within large and small firms operating within the same industry. According to the European Commission (2005, p14), a small enterprise is described as a business, which employs less than 50 individuals. The annual balance sheet or the annual turnover for this business does not go beyond the 10 million euro mark (European Commission 2005, p14). On the other hand, a large enterprise is a business, which has more than 250 employees, and has exceeded the limi ts of a medium-sized enterprise (QFinance 2012, p1). Therefore, this study is attempts to critically appraise the management styles within companies of various sizes, in order to ascertain and illustrate the impact that variations in management styles may have upon the employment relationship. Management styles can be defined as the characteristic ways in which decisions are made related to the subordinates. They are the efforts, direction, and strategies used by the manager to develop an efficient workplace, and accomplish organizational goals. There are five management styles and they include autocratic, consultative, persuasive, democratic, and laissez faire management styles (Chartered Technofunctional Institute 2012, p1). This study is informed by reference to relevant examples and case studies drawn from academic literature, seeking to ensure a balanced examination of the issues relating to managerial styles and their relationship to the employment relationship. In order to do so, this study provides a comparison of the managemen t styles within firms with reference to theoretical concepts in order to examine the difference, if any, present in the styles used by small and large companies. This essay also describes how the concepts of ‘Unitarism’ and ‘Pluralism’ influence employment relationships, and moves on to a discussion played by trade unions and whether their presence or absence might affect the way in which employers and employees deal with one another. These discussions will be used to inform an examination of the main area of inquiry, providing an informed appraisal of the way in which management styles might affect the employment relationship in firms of varying size. Management Concepts Underlying the Management Styles within Large and Small Firms An abundance of academic literature has been published in the field of management, with one of the earliest theories on management style being that of Frederick Taylor (Casell et al. 2002, p673). This management style (Taylorism ) advocates the standardization of strict standards for performance, and was therefore widely adopted by large industrialized firms (Marlow and Patton, 2002, p22). Taylorism was based on quantity and time as important standards for the measurement of output (division of labour), meaning that the adequacy of any worker was judged by the capability to meet a particular production quota (Berk and Berk 2000, p91). Casell (et al. 2002, p674) states that critics of this management style argue that it degrades the workforce, treating them as mere factors of production: the emphasis on judging people according to rate of output also meant that the quality of an item did not matter, only

Analysis of Cash Flow for a Small Business Assignment

Analysis of Cash Flow for a Small Business - Assignment Example Wallick (2009) on the other had states that in bigger businesses, there is a clear difference between EBIT and cash flow. The standard formula for EBIT that is applicable here is EBIT = Revenue – Operating Expenses (Investopedia). In the case of Charles, the various expenses, depreciation, and income had been given for the two years he was in business. Secondly Charles’ concern is his not generating enough income after investing two years in the business and he is contemplating to take a job that would pay him $40,000. Since he was in business for only two years and the second year was better than the first, the first area to look at will be the yearly percentage increase on Charles’ income and the following calculation will show that. The above calculation shows he had attained an increase of 160% commission growth in one year, because his client list has been growing. When that is the case, the likelihood is he will be getting more clients for the following year or at least he can retain a good portion of the existing client base, as long as he is in business. This will create three possible future scenarios where he might lose more or less than 10% of his commission if things start to go bad; he could earn the same amount of commission if the client list does not grow, or he could repeat the previous feat of 160% growth rate or even better. If he accepts the offer at the investment company that pays him $40000 before tax and other deductions, by simply deducting the applicable expenses assuming that they will remain the same, at least for the first year considering that there is only one more year to go for the deprecation, the outcome will be the following. The $18500 is better than the $16000 he will get if his commission income had decreased by only 10% and as the percentage of loss increases, it will end up making the $40000 a better offer. However, if his commission remained the

HS415 UNIT 3 PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HS415 UNIT 3 PROJECT - Essay Example Obesity is a worldwide problem capturing health concern for both developing and developed countries. Obesity is a severe state of overweight, and it is a "global epidemic" according to World health organization figures. More than one billion adults are overweight worldwide, and about 300 million of are clinically obese. Overweight affects more people than hunger and malnutrition. Many researchers have been done to explain the causes of overweight and obesity in human. Although the literature entails a broad variety of such articles, this paper will focus and concentrate to explaining and characterizing the observed patterns of medical care utilization by obese people, the supply and demand economic theory in diagnosis and treatment of obesity and the impact on State funds for Medicaid and Medicare. Obesity is clinically linked to other serious diseases including diabetes type 2, hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, arthritis, liver and gallbladder disease, respiratory disor ders, such as asthma, and certain kinds of cancers (Finkelstein, & Fiebelkorn, 2003). The standard model for health demand and medical care demand is the Grossmans model. In this model, wage-earning persons maximize inter-temporal function of health and commodities. The demand for medical care is obtained from the demand for health. Moreover, the medical care demand depends on age, wage, education, costs of medical goods, and unhealthy habits such as obesity and smoking (Finkelstein, Fiebelkorn, & Wang, 2004). An outstanding implication emanating from Grossman’s model is the fact that unhealthy behaviors, for instance obese or overweight increases medical care demands. It is evident that obesity has a link to diseases such as arthritis, asthma, diabetes type 2 and certain types of cancer. These illnesses require both frequent medical care and frequent hospitalization. However, not all overweight and obese people have health complications. The health

Writing Workshop Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing Workshop Paper - Essay Example In this method, students are exposed to different forms of writings and genre, in order to evaluate their proficiency and give appropriate recommendations. In addition, writing workshops allows teachers to meet the needs of individual student according to their weaknesses and strength. This paper presents a proposal on how to incorporate a writing workshop in the classroom. The writing workshop must have a predictable structure, regular time and a workman-like atmosphere for writing. This implies that activities of a writer’s workshop should have a definite time schedule that is accompanied by a realistic list of expectations and outcomes (Trachsel, 2005). The schedule is analogous to a classroom or a lesson timetable. My writer’s workshop will have a program that is spread across five days and according to available tasks. The basic steps of the writer’s workshop (WW) will be: 5 days a week 60 minutes per day Mini-lesson Writing time Author’s chair To ach ieve the objectives, the classroom will require having a special setup that facilitates the writing exercise. Firstly, we will need to label one of the corners of the classroom as the writing workshop. Students will then be required to arrange their chair and desk in a row formant in order to facilitate the exercise. Secondly, the WW will require books, which the student will use for the exercise.

Men & Women Age Differently Essay Example for Free

Men Women Age Differently Essay †¢ The average life expectancy is currently 78 years old, but was at 49 years at the turn of the century. †¢ There is a widening age gap between men and women, such that among women who are 65-69, there are 81 guys for every 100 girls in the population. †¢ NY Times stated that the prospects for men are brighter than women. †¢ Men that survive beyond the age of 85 are more likely than women to be in better health and to have more remaining independent life years. †¢ More men than women over the age of 85 are married than women, and women are more prone to disabling effects of chronic condition while men are prone to fatal and chronic conditions. †¢ 23% of women age 85 or older are at poverty level, while men are at 16%. †¢ The nation’s oldest and fastest growing population today is dominated by a disproportionately large number of unmarried women who are likely to be poor and impaired. †¢ Women value friendship more than men, thus when a man is widowed- it is likely that he is alone while his friends are still married. †¢ Men’s income after the age of 85+ seems to be substantially less than the income of women the age 85+. †¢ Men and women approach things differently, where women are more likely to ask for help and men are less likely to ask for help. †¢ So, there is a sample study that was done and the men in this sample study were more likely to be married, and less likely to be physically impaired – in contrast to the women who are more dependent for personal assisted living and closer with their children, where men are not! †¢ 3 Competencies required to adapt to community living such as exercising control over the physical environment, maintaining social integration, and sustaining a sense of well being and motivations.

China’s One Child Policy is said to have created a generation of ‘Little Emperors’. Assess the consequences of most families having only one or two children Essay Example for Free

China’s One Child Policy is said to have created a generation of ‘Little Emperors’. Assess the consequences of most families having only one or two children Essay Chinas one-child family policy has had a great effect on the lives of nearly a quarter of the worlds population for a quarter of a century, after it was introduced in 1979. One of the effects is often referred to as â€Å"Little Emperor’s Syndrome†, which is when the only child received excessive amounts of attention from relatives causing a â€Å"spoilt brat† generation to occur. This puts both social and economic pressures on the families and children. By only having one child per family it allows the family to solely use its resources on that child; thus allowing the child to often fulfill their potential, as English lessons, music lessons and an additional range of extracurricular activities are normal. Although this has positive outcomes such as a rise in the number of Chinese children going to university, it has still mainly had the negative effect of the â€Å"Little Emperors† having large expectations of everyone else, with the government now being worried about a slump in the economy, being one of the many reasons why China may drop the one child policy. One of the main issues with the one child policy is that 336 million abortions in the time of the policy have taken place, which has caused a few moral issues throughout the world, with many people questioning the policy. Although many people in China have said that it has been a positive as a way to maintain the resources in the country and stop a large increase in the population. The number of abortions is paired with the issue of gendercide in China being at an all time high, people want a â€Å"Little Emperor† and not â€Å"Little Empress† due to traditional preference, this again presents a moral issue with the policy and may lead to future problems. Over 20 million girls are aborted each year and with over 50 million Chinese girls currently missing, there is a problem brewing in that there will be a shortage of women in comparison to men which may see the population and economy of China drop. The one child policy is also a costly program for the Chinese Government with over 400,000 people currently working for the policy and annually costs $708.8 million. This is not helped by the fact that the one child policy is creating a generation of youngsters that is not as good a working force compared to the current one; this is due to the fact that the â€Å"Little Emperors† are spoiled and do not expect to work for themselves (especially in urban areas, where there are wealthier families). It is thought that with the population (Fig 1) stagnating the economy may stagnate also, due to a smaller working force and one that is less willing to work, an example of the â€Å"Little Emperor’s Syndrome† is that there has been a doubling in the number of platinum jewelry sales in China, an expensive gift usually given to children. Although the parental expectations are high, only 2% of Chinese children are able to go to university, which many Chinese scholars suggest may be a sign of the future of the stagnation of the Chinese economy. This all shows that the one child policy may not be aiding the economy that has currently been one of the fastest growing in the world, causing a few people in China to question it. The policy has also affected the children themselves, as surveys have suggested that children born during the one child policy are significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals. All these characteristics are due to the fact that many of these children are born as an only child, and they now have present implications for the nation. These consequences include the number of criminal incidents to increase by 7.2% in the past 3 years and over $17 billion being spent on illegal drugs; this is because many young people create groups or gangs as close relationships in the place of ones with their siblings; but also due to the fact that a surplus of men has caused an increase in violence due to the increase in young males not marrying and becoming restless. This is not going to be beneficial for the country as it is causing youngsters to be misled into crime and will also be expensive for the government to try and expel from the country. It is also a thought that in the future there will be fewer people of a working age to support a growing number of elderly dependents, meaning that China has an ageing population. (Fig 2) Unfortunately, ageing populations have significant social and economic effects on countries, and with China’s fertility rate being predicted to be as low as 1.5 [a 2.1 fertility rate is needed in China in order for sustainability] the long term effects of the One-Child policy are likely to have detrimental effects for the future; including a stagnating economy. This is made worse by the fact that there are 60 million more men than women in China, which, is only going to lead to more social problems, such as a decrease in population in the future. (Fig 1)Which is shown by a recent census, Chinas population grew 5.8% since 2000, from 1.27 billion to 1.34 billion — a significant difference from the previous census, which indicated a rate of 11.7%. (Fig 1) Finally, a positive effect of the one child policy is that it has severely reduced the population of the China by roughly 400 million. This has created an abundance of resources for China, which was under some pre ssure for necessities such as drinking water. However, China has dealt with that through projects such as the Three Gorges Dam, but also through the one child policy allowing for the surplus resources to exist due to the decline in population growth. The lack of 400 million people has also helped reduce global warming, because, by stopping these births China has averted over 1.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere. Overall, it is clear that there are many negative consequences that have occurred or that will occur due to the one child policy, which is why it is thought that by 2020 the one child policy will no longer exist and that it will become the two child policy. The problems are economic and social problems that revolve around the idea of an ageing population that will need financial support from a spoiled generation; yet, the only environmental factors are positive- with global warming being reduced and the resources in China lasting longer and there being surplus. However, it is obvious that the â€Å"Little Emperors† are going to have to support China in their time of need, which is due to the one child policy, and it is whether they can do it or whether they have been spoiled to the extent that they are unable to run one of the biggest economies in the world. Lastly, the one child policy has probably been good for China itself, but the way that other nations now perceive China after the â€Å"brutal† one child policy, may cause them future problems.

Interpersonal Skills Needed by Business Managers

Interpersonal Skills Needed by Business Managers In modern corporations, business managers desire to develop positive and effective interaction with their employees. In order to build up successful relationship with subordinates, managers need to improve their interpersonal skills. This paper sets out to analyse three different interpersonal skills needed by business managers: understanding others, developing and maintaining rapport, listening and presenting feedback to others. And it seems that listening and presenting feedback is the most significant one. Introduction In recent years, there has been a great deal of discussion about interpersonal skills of business managers. For business managers, they always work with people who have different backgrounds, and whether they can maintain successful interaction with their employees, to a certain degree, depends on their effective interpersonal skills. In modern society, it is significant difficult for business managers who cannot relate with others to achieve succeed. (Fandt 1994) In modern corporations, positive relationships are of great importance in earning high degrees of job satisfaction. If employees have a good feeling about their jobs, they will be more likely to do their job well; in addition, they are able to accomplish their tasks in high-quality environment. The research of service-profit chain(Heskett et al. 1994; Heskett, Sasser, and Schlesinger 1997 cited in Tews Tracey 2009, p.245) which analyses how companies achieve and maintain outstanding performance mentions that internal servi ce quality, such as the way people work with each other, moves employees to feel more satisfied about their working environment. (Tews Tracey 2009) On the contrary, if a business manager lacks interpersonal skills, they will limit the performance of employees. For example, employees who are likely to be passive, lack creativity, and depend too much on others ideas and instructions results in working with the managers who lacks interpersonal skills. (Fandt 1994) Therefore, it is one of the most basic priorities for business managers to improve their ability of interpersonal skills. The interpersonal skills needed by business managers can be seen as the capacity to be a facilitator-to foster a collective effect; get along with peers, subordinates, and superiors; and manage interactions with other. (Fandt 1994) This paper will analyse the following interpersonal skills: (1) understanding others, (2) developing and maintaining rapport, (3) listening and presenting feedback to others. Moreover, it will be argued that listening and presenting feedback to others is the most significant interpersonal skill among the three skills needed by business managers. Understanding others Some social psychologists have recognised that making efforts to understand the inner world of others is an extremely common feature of human interaction. This is because interpreting how to open up a conversation with others, how to respond to what others say are built up on the level of understanding of others. (Guirdham 1996) For business managers, understanding others is also of great significance. The survey (Heller Porter 1996 cited in Guirdham 1996, p. 147) of 150 US and UK executives found that the ability to understand people was ranged as the top of a list of 16 skills of management. This is because other skills such as communication, persuading, and team work are based on a basic priority of understanding what others do and say. (Guirdham 1996) In addition, business managers need to interpret others also because people are differing from each other and the managers should not treat everybody alike. Fiedler (1964) as cited in Guirdham (1996) suggests that a leader who can distinguish among their followers is more likely to be succeed than those who cannot. Taking the captains of basketball teams as an example, Fielder (1964) as cited in Guirdham (1996) found that the leader of the losing team seemed to find the differences among his players from a macro perspective, however, the captain of winning team knew who dribbled well, who shot well, who played well under pressure, and so on. Willard E. and Robert W. (1951) also mentioned that the more you are able to recognize the differences among your men, the better you will be able to understand and help them. For instance, there was a business manager who interpreted his subordinates by making notes in index cards. He picked up some information such as the birthday, education of his employees, names of the subordinates wife and children, the employees hobbies, ages, and even interests. By doing that, the manager could remember some individual characteristics of his employees which would play a key role in talking with each other much easier and distinguishing the employees better. In a word, successful business managers tend to have the capacity to perceive differences among their employees. (Guirdham 1996) Furthermore, no business manager can function without comprehending and understanding individuals who work with him. The performances of a leader will be affected by what he knows of his followers. A manager may always study the behaviours of his subordinates in order to avoid lacking confidence or discord. (Parker Kleemeier 1951) Finally, understanding the subordinates will help the business managers match their employees properly with the right work. If a person who lacks sufficient abilities probably will fail in finishing his job. And as a result, he will be more likely to become frustrated and disappointed. On the other hand, employees who are over-qualified tend to become bored with their simple work. Thus, it is essential for the managers to understanding their employees better in order to match them with the right work. (Parker Kleemeier 1951) Developing and maintaining rapport Rapport can be seen as the quality of the relationship in describing the interactions between psychotherapists and their clients (Gfeller, Lynn, and Pribble 1987 cited in Gremler Gwinner 2000, p.83), as the quality of [a] relationship characterized by satisfactory communication and mutual understanding in investigating college roommate relationships (Carey et al. 1988 cited in Gremler Gwinner 2000, p.83) and as a quality in the relation or connection between interactants , especially relations marked by harmony, conformity , accord, and affinity (Bernieri et al. 1996 cited in Gremler Gwinner 2000, p.83). In terms of the relationship between business managers and their subordinates, rapport means the enjoyable interactions which will be established when the business managers tend to open to others with a friendly manner, display the interests in their employees, use the sense of humour to reduce tensions, demonstrate that the managers have the sensitivity of the needs and feelings of their subordinates. (Fandt 1994) For business managers, developing and keeping rapport with their employees will help them build up confidence to deal with problems in an appropriate way, encourage them to share their helpful ideas with the employees, promote the cooperation between leaders and followers, and bring themselves and their subordinates into harmony by reducing the possibility of the grievances and disruptive conflicts (Filley 1975). Grievances and disruptive conflicts (Filley 1975) seem to be the two main aspects which are result in failing in maintaining rapport in working environment. Firstly, a grievance can be described as the resentments of a person which is possible to contribute to adverse effects on subordinates attitude toward their job, their manager even the whole company. The quality of work will be suffered severely and the morale of the employees will be lowered when employees have a grievance. In addition, the relationship between managers and their employees is also likely to be tensional because of the existence of grievance. Secondly, according to Filley (1975), conflict is divided into two different kinds: competitive conflicts and disruptive conflicts, and to a certain extent, disruptive conflicts are likely to cause damage to keeping rapport. It will bring tension between business managers and their followers. Moreover, it seems to create negative feelings between leaders and subordinates which will contribute to a complaining atmosphere in work. (Quinn, Faerman, Thompson and McGrath 1996) According to the above-mentioned, it is clear that for business managers, developing and keeping rapport is of huge significance in order to create enjoyable interactions between leaders and their subordinates and avoid grievances and disruptive conflicts(Filley 1975). Listening and presenting feedback to others The meaning of listening is not the same as hearing. Listening is an intellectual and emotional process in which you use all resources at hand to understand the meaning of a message. (Fandt 1994) Thus, to a certain extent, listening is a reflective activity. An effective listener should not only hear something form others, but also include keeping appropriate eye contact, observing the hidden stories, exploring the words that have been spoken, and understanding the body language of the speaker. (Fandt 1994) For business managers, in order to be a good listener, they should attempt to use empathy (Quinn, Faerman, Thompson and McGrath 1996) which means feeling others inner world and experiencing others thoughts instead of directly controlling others thoughts. For example, when the statement of a subordinate is not accurate, the manager should not interrupt him and keep listen to him to the end. And after that, the manager can ask some open-ended questions like How did you feel when that happened. This kind of listening behaviour may help managers understand the inner thoughts and feelings of the subordinate. In addition, it will also be beneficial to save time because of the less of interruption and repetition. However, if a manager experiences a subordinates inner world excessively, the subordinate may feel uncomfortable, and as a result, the manager cannot understand the speaker deeply. (Quinn, Faerman, Thompson and McGrath 1996) It is also of great importance that while listening to the subordinates, the business managers should present some feedback to them. Fandt (1994) mentions that appropriate feedback given by managers will help the subordinates promote, correct, and obtain a greater achievement. For instance, some business managers present feedback as I think you handled the customer complaints very professionally and I appreciate your error-free report (Fandt 1994). This kind of feedback shows subordinates that the managers understand what they are doing, recognize and appreciate their performances, as a result, the subordinates tend to continue to perform well. (Fandt 1994) In most cases, business managers attempt to give critical feedback to their employees. In another word, managers not only present some negative feedback but also give some negative feedback. However, according to Fandt (1994), it is more considerable to give positive feedback than negative feedback. That is because most employees feel difficult to hear and accept negative feedback. For example, punishment, blame, and wrongly criticism seem to be the most common kinds of negative feedback which will decrease the inspiration of employees because of the feeling of tension. Furthermore, punishment, blame, and wrongly criticism also tend to reduce the capacity of doing jobs of employees because they are likely to be defeated by them. On the other hand, giving some positive feedback such as praise can inspire employees to a greater achievement. Parker and Kleemeier (1951) states all men will work hard to gain admiration and praise from others. It is for the reason that praise is one of the strongest motivating forces at the supervisors command. If an employee gets positive feedback such as praise from the manager, he will desire to accomplish his work better and show great cooperation. (Parker and Kleemeier 1951) Moreover, although some employees may make some mistakes during their work, the manager also should point out what they have done is right, and as a result, employees will be more likely to have more confidence to correct their performances. Discussion Comparing to the three interpersonal skills needed by business managers, listening and presenting feedback seems to be the most significant one. That is because understanding others and keeping rapport in working atmosphere are based on listening and giving feedback to others. Firstly, managers tend to show their understanding of the subordinates through listening and presenting some feedback. As Parker and Kleemeier (1951) point out nearly all supervisors who really understand their men eventually learn to be good listeners. Successful managers attempt to study the attitudes of their employees, to observe what the employees really are thinking about through listening to them. After listening to them, managers can present some feedback to show the employees that the managers can understand what they are thinking about and what they really want. Secondly, listening and showing feedback to others will also help business managers to select the right man to do appropriate work. If a manager desire to select employees the most common way to do that is interviewing. During the interviewing, the managers may always ask some open-ended questions and then they keep the interviewees talking about it. The only job of the interviewers is listening and giving feedback at the end of the interview. This kind of activity will be more likely to help managers make the accurate choice and understand the interviewees better. Finally, the possibility of grievances and disruptive conflicts (Filley 1975) seems to be reduced by listening and presenting feedback. For instance, some employees may complain that they are treated unfairly. For an experienced manager, the best way to deal with this kind of problem is to listen to their complaints to find some hidden problems of the employees even the company. In addition, they present some feedback to show that they have understood the problem and will take actions to cope with it. As a result, the managers can develop and maintain rapport in the working environment. (Parker Kleemeier 1951) Conclusion In conclusion, a perfect business manager should maintain successful interaction with their employees. Furthermore, to become a successful manager, people should be skilled in outstanding interpersonal behaviours which will not only develop the level of self-awareness but also promote the level of prestige. This essay has analysed three different interpersonal skills needed by business managers including understanding others, developing and maintaining rapport, and listening and presenting feedback to others. For business managers, firstly, understanding their employees can promote the capacity of distinguish people from different backgrounds, help them interpret what their employees feelings and match their employees appropriately with the right job. Secondly, it is also beneficial to develop and keep rapport. Most of people would like to work in a positive place where there are less grievances and disruptive conflicts (Filley 1975). If a manager can keep rapport in a company, he will be more likely to build up cooperation relationship with his subordinates and become more successful. Finally, listening and presenting feedback to employees can make the employees feel that their managers concern about them, and understand them. So that managers may earn the respect of their employees which will develop the efficiency of their work. In addition, listening and presenting feedback might be the most significant ability among the three interpersonal skills needed by business managers. Because it seems as the foundation of other interpersonal skills and business managers should concentrate on develop the capacity of listening and presenting feedback to their subordinates firstly.

The Importance of Education :: Importance of Education Essay

Education plays a vital role in shaping tomorrows’ leaders. Not only can we become a better nation by acquiring the skills necessary to be productive members of a civilized society. Increase knowledge to actively achieve and meet challenges that can produce changes in which are productive for attaining business innovations, political and economic objectives. Our world is constantly changing and it requires a society that is well versed in understanding the problems deriving from culture differences and tolerance of one another’s beliefs and perceptions. We are dealing with systemic problems in education, economic, government, religion and culture differences. To quote a phrase from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, "Make me the master of education, and I will undertake to change the world." If we are to change the world simply because we have and continue to acquire the education necessary to increase knowledge; we must never forget education along without the practice of inducing what is learned is not enough to produce attainable results favorable to sustain a society in the 21st century. We must become the voice of the people by getting involved to make a difference in the world by putting into motion what we have learned. When I was growing up, I remember attending elementary school, learning a new language seems to be difficult at first, but I was able to learn the English language because of the dedication of one of my teachers. Now, as I reflect on this experience, it is obvious that she was dedicated and enjoyed teaching her students to be successful. I know today that she made a difference in my life as I navigated through my education experience and high school years to present. I also experience the lack of concern of other teachers, not taking the time and dedication to teach their students to excel. In part, I strongly believe it had to with the culture differences that existed within the schools that I attended and the neighborhood I grew up. At times, I felt being part of a minority group created an environment, which I perceived teachers not to care about my education needs or whether I could succeed in life. Today, we have made strides in improving our education system in our schools. Yet, we are facing similar problems and perhaps even worse when teachers are rushing their students through their curriculum without taking the time to encourage and support them to excel in their classes.

life :: essays research papers

Self from Religious Viewpoint The Afterlife is an area of human consciousness we all enter upon leaving the physical world at physical death. Throughout history we've questioned if there is a life after death. Along the way, our religions and various philosophers offered beliefs and opinions to answer this commonly asked question. However, many of the answers contradict each other making it hard to figure out. While some believe it's impossible to know whether there is life after death, belief in immortality is a timeless phenomenon. Through the years there have been many philosophers that do not believe in life after death. Among them is David Hume. David Hume was a British imperialist to the extreme. He only believed in what he could see. He felt that if you can't see your soul or god then they must not exist. The same holds true for the after life, or heaven. He felt that when you died that was it, your life was over and there was nothing more. Muangkram pg.2 Buddhist's also do not believe in life after death meaning heaven. Buddhist's believe that when one dies he is reborn again and this continues until the person reaches Nirvana. Nirvana is the state in which one has attained disinterested wisdom and compassion. In the Buddhist religion there is no god to save you or to show you the way. To reach nirvana you must achieve insight and wisdom. The Buddha was not saved by a revelation or from any god. He was the self-enlightened one; by the power of his own post virtue, which finally produced piercing insight and wisdom, he came to the knowledge or the saving insight into things 'as they are.' He literally made himself a Buddha and subsequently entered Nirvana. One of the great philosophers that did believe in life after death was Spinoza. Spinoza believed there was a heaven and a hell and the life here in the physical realm was just a small part of gods greater plan. Spinoza believed that man is a fleeting incident in an infinite and eternal universe. In the Christian religion it is believed that there does exist life after death. The argument to support it being that after Jesus died he rose from the dead, proving that the soul is not destroyed after death. This proof of immortality has been accepted by millions of Christians and has been regarded as one of the most precious assurances brought to mankind by Jesus.

Product Line Study of Wockhardt Hospital by Shezah Salam

About Wockhardt Hospital Group Wockhardt hospital, a subsidiary of Wockhardt ltd. , is India’s leading super specialty hospital chain with branches in Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Nagpur, Nasik, Surat , Rajkot, Kalyan and Bhavnagar. As associate hospitals of Harvard Medical, USA in India, Wockhardt hospitals benefit from the extensive learning and experience of Harvard Medical School and its affiliated institutions world-wide. This association helps Wockhardt Hospitals to stay at the forefront of medical technology and techniques, way ahead of others. Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai, has become the first superspeciality hospital in South Asia to achieve accreditation from Joint Commission International (JCI), USA. JCI is the gold standard in global healthcare standards. With this, Wockhardt Hospitals joins an exclusive group of 71 hospitals worldwide, which have passed JCI’s stringent clinical quality standards. Their dedication to build a patient driven environment through the creation and exchange of knowledge is the decisive factor for their success. They constantly strive to upgrade the knowledge and competence of our human resources by constantly training with methodologies that meet global standards. Members of their medical team extensively travel to some of the best healthcare centers and teaching Institutions across the world to update their knowledge and acquire new competencies to hone their skills. The quality of healthcare services at their group hospitals in India is at par with the best centres anywhere in the world at a fraction of the cost in US, UK and Canada. Core Competencies Being a Specialty hospital, Wockardt’s core competencies lie in the following fields: †¢ Neurology and Neurosurgery †¢ Heart and cardiac care †¢ Cardio Thoracic and Vascular surgery †¢ Orthopedics and Joint Replacements †¢ Minimal Invasive surgery Wockhardt Product Line Based on the core competencies of the hospital, Wockhardt Hospitals offers the following highly specialized services known as their ‘centers of excellence’: 1. Wockhardt Heart –Care A center for excellence in interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgeries in the country, it has to its name a history of path-breaking procedures, be it the first-ever Conscious Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Awake Heart Surgery in India. Collectively Wockhardt group hospitals have now have tremendous experience of performing over 40000 Cardiac Surgeries and 75000 interventional cardiology procedures since its inception The same expertise and care is now available across various cities of India where Wockhardt Superspecialty Hospitals have been set up and each one of them have a Wockhardt Heart Care. These heart care are also a teaching center for clinicians from the sub-continent and now a preferred destination for cardiac patients not only from India but also from all over the US, UK, Canada, Middle East and Africas. According to the Wockhardt heart care philosophy, a life isn't saved until it is fully redeemed. Which means that anyone who comes in with a heart ailment, is not healed until they go back to their normal life, exactly like it was before. This is why Wockhardt treats surgery as just another stepping stone in the complete healing process. Their post operative facilities stand testimony to this belief. Their advanced rehabilitative care included dedicated nutritionists, dieticians, fitness equipment, counselors and our infection control policies; just a few initiatives that see you through the road to recovery. 2. Wockhardt Brain and Spine Care Wockhardt Brain & Spine specialties in Bangalore and Mumbai provides advanced micro-surgical techniques to treat complex Brain & Spine disorders. This super specialty center is amongst the few in Asia equipped with most advanced Neuro-navigation and Endoscopic facilities to perform complex brain and spine neurosurgeries. Wockhardt Brain & Spine Care has a vastly experienced team of Neurosurgeons and Neurologists, backed by the most comprehensive neuro-diagnostic and imaging facilities, positions the hospital among the best in the region. Neurological services extend to the very latest in diagnostic equipment such as EEG, ENMG, and Video-monitoring, 1. 5 Tesla MRI and 64-Slice CT Scan. 3. Bone and Joint Center The Wockhardt Bone & joint Care has evolved as the Centre of Excellence for joint replacement surgeries and is equipped to treat all types of musculo-skeletal problems ranging from surgeries to minimally invasive Arthroscopic surgeries. The Wockhardt Bone and Joint Care is equipped to treat all types of musculo-skeletal problems ranging from Trauma Surgery to Minimally Invasive Arthroscopy Surgery. The hospital also specilalises in surgery for joint replacements, sports medicine, ligament repair, knee surgery, spine surgery and physical therapy for rehabilitation. Wockhardt Bone & Joint Care has complete technology and advanced skills to perform Microscopic Lumber & Cervical Discectomy, Endo-scopic Spine Surgery and Arthroscopic surgeries such as Ligament Reconstruction in the knee, Subacromial Decom-pression in the shoulder. 4. Minimal Access Surgery The Wockhart Minimal Access Surgery Hospital is equipped with High-end technology to perform precision surgery in this newly developed modality of surgical treatment, which until recently required large incisions on the human body. It encompasses operative procedures for the nervous system, ENT, thorax, abdomen, urinary tract, reproductive system and joints. This technology not only minimises surgical trauma, pain and blood loss but also shortens hospitalisation and improves aesthetics. Traditionally surgeons had to cut wide and deep (Incision) to reach (Access) organs for large incisions caused pain, were prone to infections/ hernia and often rendered poor cosmetic results. These factors were the underlying cause of significant mortality and morbidity. Minimal Access Surgery (MAS) makes it possible for surgeons to reach (Access) various organs in the body cavities through small incisions (Minimal). Wockhardt Minimal Access Surgery Hospital has acquired complete State-of –the-art range of endoscopic technology required for carrying our minimal access surgery. These include: Endovision Tricam SL, Harmonic Scalpel, Medical grade monitor, CO2 Insufflator and a wide range of high precision instruments. 5. Hip-resurfacing centre Wockhardt provides high quality and cost effective hip replacement surgery services. Their Minimally Invasive Hip Resurfacing/ Replacement Surgery: Removes only unhealthy bone and replaces it with a metal on metal articulation. †¢ It preserves the normal bone of the hip – patients can squat, sit cross-legged without the risk of dislocation. †¢ Everlasting – based on 35-year history in Birmingham of metal on metal implants. †¢ Excellent restoration of full function. †¢ Femo ral head remains viable after BHR surgery. It does not sacrifice normal bone during primary surgery. †¢ Activity restriction not required after surgery, as there is hardly any risk of dislocation. Patient can indulge in full sporting activities without risk of dislocation. Patients have gone back to sports like competitive Judo and Squash after surgery. †¢ Overall 99% success rate – ideal option for the younger or more active patient 6. Women Care Wockhardt Hospitals Woman Care program is a culmination of strengths derived from our association with HMI, and conceptualized in line with the world renowned Harvard associated Brigham & Women’s Hospital. A 30, 000 sq ft area is exclusively dedicated to Woman care with consultation suites, delivery rooms, operating rooms, dedicated to obstetrics, a 12-bed neo-natal ICU & a nursery. Our Woman health care programmes, besides minimal access gynaecological services, also include preventive clinics (early diagnosis of breast, uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer), Infertility clinics & Menopausal clinics. Other services offered by Wockhardt: †¢ Liver Transplant and Digestive Diseases †¢ Joint Replacements †¢ Women and Child Care †¢ Trans Nasal Brain Tumor Surgery †¢ Urology and Andrology †¢ Obesity Surgery †¢ Dental Care †¢ Surgical Oncology †¢ Parkinson's Disease Surgery Product Mix |Heart Care |Brain and Spine | |A. CARDIO – THORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERIES |Spinal Surgeries | | |[pic] | | |Microscopic lumbar discectomy or decompression | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Beating Heart Bypass Surgery (Off – Pump Coronary|Microscopic anterior cervical discectomy | |Bypass Surgery) | | |[pic] | |[pic] |Endoscopic discectomy | |Conscious Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery| | |- COPCAB (Awake Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery |[pic] | |-ACAB) |Spinal decompression with or without fusion | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery |Endoscopic fusion of spine | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Redo Bypass Surgery |Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy | | | | |[pic] |Degenerative Disc Disease | |Valve Surgery |[pic] | | |Minimally-invasive spinal fusion and advanced instrumentation | |[pic] | | |MVR with Correction of Atrial fibrillation using |[pic] | |Maze III Procedure |Total disc replacement surgery | | | | |[pic] |[pic] |Vascular Surgery |Spinal deformity corr ection and stabilization | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Thoracic & Pulmonary Surgeries |Endoscopic fusion of spine | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Adult & Paediatric Open Heart Surgeries |Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy | | | | | |Osteoporosis of the spine | | |[pic] | | |Vertebroplasty | | | | |B. INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES |[pic] | | |Kyphoplasty | | | | | |[pic] | |[pic] |Spondylolisthesis | |Coronary Angiography & Angioplasty (both Femoral | | |& Radial Approach) |[pic] | | Posterior spinal instrumentation | |[pic] | | |Angiogram & Angioplasty of arteries of Neck, Leg |Abnormal curvature within the spine-scoliosis | |, Arm, Kidney | | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Permanent pacemaker (Single & Double Chamber) |Thoracoscopic deformity correction | | | | |[pic] |[pic] | |Valvuloplasty |Posterior correction of Scoliosis or Kyphosis with instrumentation | | | | |[pic] | | |EP Study Diagnostic & Ablation | | | |Other spine surgeries | |[pic] |[pic] | |ASD closure with device |Tuberculosis of Spine – Thoracoscopic Spinal Surgery with Para spinal abscess | | |drainage | | | | | |[pic] | | |Spine Tumor Surgery | | | | |C. CARDIAC REHABILITATION PROGRAMME |[pic] | | |Spine Trauma | | | | | |Brain surgeries | | |[pic] | | |Microsurgery for Brain Tumors | | | | | |[pic] | | |Endoscopic Brain Surgery | | | | | |[pic] | | |Trans Nasal Endoscopic Brain Tumor Removal | | | | | |[pic] | | |Skull Base Surgery | | | | | |[pic] | | |Brain Trauma Surgery | | | | |[pic] | | |Congenital Cranial Deformity | | | | | |[pic] | | |Stereotactic Brain Surgery for Tumor and Functional Neurosurgery | | | | | |[pic] | | |Craniofacial Surgery with FMS (Facio-Maxillary Surgery) | | | | | |[pic] | | |Brain Surgery for Abnormal Blood Vessels | | | | | |[pic] | | |Brain Surgery for Epilepsy | | | | | |[pic] | | |Brain Surgery for Removal of Blood Clots | | | | | |[pic] | | |Interventional/ Neuro-endovascular Therapy for Cerebro-vascular Diseases and Tumor| | | | | |[pic] | | |Interventional/ Neuro-endovascular Therapy for Cerebro-vascular Diseases and Tumor| | | | Product Mix (contd. ) Bone and join t care |Minimal access surgery |Women Care |Hip Replacement |Other Specialties | |Arthroscopic surgery:Key hole | |The NEST – Bithing Services |Minimally invasive hip |Liver Transplant and | |surgery for disorders of knee and | | |replacement surgery |Digestive Diseases | |shoulder |[pic] |LDRP birthing suites, Private | | | |Minimal Access Spine surgery |DIAGNOSTIC ENDOSCOPY |deluxe, Twin-deluxe and multi-bed | |Joint Replacements | |Hip Resurfacing | |Painless deliveries | | | |Paediatric Bone & Joint Surgeries |[pic] |Management of high risk | |Women and Child Care | |Fracture Treatment |Upper GI Scopy |pregnancies/Late pregnancies | | | |Sports Medicine | |The Lamaze Classes | |Trans Nasal Brain Tumor| |Speciality Clinic for Arthritis |[pic] |Ante-natal classes | |Surgery | |Trauma & Pain Management |Colonoscopy | | | | |Osteoporosis | |Clinics | |Urology nd Andrology | |Lifestyle Modification Programme |[pic] | | | | |(Rehabilitation) |ERCP |Menopause Clinic | |Obesity S urgery | |Patient Education Programme | |Infertility Clinic | | | |Total Knee Replacement |[pic] |Adolescent Clinic | |Dental Care | |Unicondylar Knee Replacement |Bronchoscopy | | | | |Total Hip Replacement | |Minimal Access Gynaecological | |Surgical Oncology | |Hip Resurfacing / Surface | |Surgeries | | | |Replacement Arthroplasty | | | |Parkinson's Disease | |Shoulder Replacement |[pic] |Laproscopic hysterectomy | |Surgery | |Neck & Elbow Replacement |EMERGENCY LAPAROSCOPY |Laproscopic tubectomy | | | | | |Laproscopic overectomy | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |LAPAROSCOPIC PROCEDURES |Operative Gynaecological Surgeries | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] |Hyserectomy | | | | |Hernia procedures |Ovarian cysts | | | | | |Malignancies | | | | |[pic] Surgeries on the fallopian tube | | | | |Gallbladder stones and liver |Removal of fibroids | | | | |procedures: | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on esophagus/ | | | | | |myotomy | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Nissen fundopli cation | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on the stomach | | | | | |cancer | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on the small | | | | | |intestine | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on pancreas | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Procedures on other organs | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |Hepatic Resection for | | | | | |Malignant Liver | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |VIDEO ASSISTED THORACIC | | | | |SURGERY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |LAPAROSCOPIC COLONIC | | | | | |CANCER/RECTAL CANCER SURGERY | | | | | | | | | | Product Hierarchy Product analysis: Wockhardt Heart Care With its latest technological advances and ethical management practices Wockhardt pledges to provide international standard cardiac care to its patients. Wockhardt Heart Care, with the best Cardiac Surgeons, Cardiologist & Medical Staff delivers wor ld standard heart care with the highest degree of convenience, care and compassion at a reasonable cost. ore Branding Strategy: â€Å"Heart is Wockhardt† is how Wockhardt Hospital and Heart Institute has come to be known as since the past 17 years. A center for excellence in interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgeries in the country, it has to its name a history of path-breaking procedures, be it the first-ever Conscious Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Awake Heart Surgery in India. The Wockhardt branding strategy concentrates on depicting an image of overall heart care. According to the Wockhardt philosophy a life isn’t saved until it’s completely redeemed. This is why they treat surgery as just another stepping stone in the complete healing process. Another facet in the 360 degree care they offer. Pricing Startegy: With Wockhardt Hospitals, even the most cost-sensitive traveler can get the best and most specialized services and luxury amenities. Procedure / Treatment |Wockhardt Hospitals, India ($) |USA ($) |UK (GBP) | |Open Heart |8,500 |100,000 |20,000 | |Surgery (CABG) | | | | |Total Knee |7,000 |48,000 |15,000 | |Replacement | | | | |Hip Resurfacing |8,500 |55,000 |15,000 | |LA Hysterectomy |4 ,500 |22,000 |6,000 | |Lap Cholcystectomy |4,500 |18,000 |4,000 | |Spinal Decompression Fusion |8,500 |60,000 |32,100 | |Obesity Surgery |9,800 |65,000 |12,000 | |(Gastric Bypass) | | | | Product Level [pic] Points of Parity of Wockhardt heart care and other hospital chains †¢ Well experienced doctors †¢ Latest technology †¢ Luxurious Ambience †¢ Large variety of surgeries Points of Difference of Wockhardt Heart Care and other Hospital Chains †¢ Rehabilitation Centers (Including dietician, gyms, etc. ) †¢ Greater heart surgery specialties †¢ Tie up with Harvard Medical Association †¢ World Class Services and Facilities †¢ Joint Commision International Accreditation †¢ Ground Breaking Medical Breakthroughs: The Four Prong Strategy: Nobody wanted to treat a 12 year old girl with a congenital cardiac defect of criss-crossed ventricles and arteries. Medication could only do so much and a temporary fix of the valves would only buy time. T he team at Wockhardt Hospitals wanted more for the girl; we wanted to give her a normal life of a 12 year old. It took a whole year of tests and scans and 4 high risks surgeries to re-arrange the girls heart; but it the end we challenged the odds and emerged successful. o The Radio Maze Therapy: Heart specialists at Wockhardt have found an extremely advantageous procedure surgical procedure which will offer a permanent solution during atrial fibrillation – An abnormal fast beating of the heart caused by disturbed electrical discharges. The surgery uses the technique of irrigated radio frequency modified maze procedure, which is performed to treat atrial fibrillation along with an open heart surgery for valve replacement. o Wake-up to a new world: A 78 year old patient walked into Wockhardt Hospitals with chest pain. An emergency angiogram indicated the urgent need for a bypass. The problem ? He was a smoker and affected lungs meant that he could not tolerate general anaesthesia. And he had other complications, like diabetes and renal problems which eliminated heart lung machines. In most other hospitals, this would have been the end of the story. But our team came up with a medical plan to perform a minimally invasive coronary bypass without general anaesthesia or a ventilator support, using the technique called high epidural analgesia. The operation lasted 45 minutes and was a success, and the patient was awake all through. o The Brains behind the heart: A 22 year old was brought to Wockhardt Hospitals with a rare condition. He has a cancerous tumour in his heart. Something that is normally found in the brain. A condition like this is so rare that there isn't even enough medical literature about it. But that didn't stop our team. In an epic surgery that lasted longer than 6 hours, they successfully removed the tumour and literally rebuild a large part of his heart. o The 900gm Miracle: Most hospitals wouldn’t operate on Jonathan. He was four months old and weighed 900grams. He was almost the size of a palm. Jonathan's heart was just one-inch–long and had a one –centimetre fungal mass in the right chamber, which had infected his blood. An open heart surgery was his only chance of survival, but was risky, considering his loss of weight. A risk that most hospitals were not willing to take. They wanted to wait till Jonathan gained more weight, which meant they needed more time. Time is what he did not have. But the team at Wockhardt had belief. Belief in their skills and belief that they would save Jonathan's life. The six hour surgery was a success. Jonathan was reborn. ———————– Marketing Management: A product line study of Study by Shezah Salam Roll no: 2120

King Of The Castle

The settings in ‘I’m the King of the castle’ beautifully portrays on how the character feels and thinks, she does this by having lucid themes that show emotions of the characters reflecting onto the theme. This means the reader can feel the atmosphere seemingly throughout the novel. In the novel there is one main theme of which is based around hatred between hooper and Kingshaw. straight from the start of when they meet hooper makes sure to let his feelings be shown. so throughout the novel Kingshaw and hooper are continuously battling each other, hooper immediately takes the role of being a bully.At Waring’s house the setting shows that it isn't a very pleasant place to stay in, the house lacks the warmth and homeliness of a proper home. â€Å"Warings was ugly. It was entirely graceless, rather tall and badly angled, built of dark red brick. At the front, and on both sides, there was the lawn, sloping downwards to a graveled drive, and then into the lane, and without any tree or flower-bed to relieve the bald greenness. †the house being made of â€Å"dark red bricks† contributes a very imposing, blood colour. The house was always comfortless and it looked graceless and boring this made Kingshaw feel as he was not at home.The room in which he had stayed in always had a presence of death due to the gloomy and morbid atmosphere. He lacked the love he desired and was left with the dreadful feeling of isolation in his own mind. The house built badly can contribute to the novel that no care was given into building the house including no love, this could reflect on hooper who stayed in the house which was only exposed to death and power. Kingshaw plays the role of a very weak character that is locked in his imagination. he has irrational fears.although this might be normal for most children, his fears are so crippling they are far beyond the typical childish nightmare as one of the examples are fears of swimming pools. early i n the book Kingshaw is taken to a pool by his father he feared the water exceptionally, not only because he couldn't swim but, also because of its â€Å"glassy, artificial blueness† and he also feared how people looked huge, pale swolen underneath. another fear that kingshaw has is the fear of dead thing like crows, he describes them as having â€Å"ragged black wings† and â€Å"small, glinty eyes†.Kingshaw would constantly get his fears exploited by hopper during the novel. one example of this is when he brings kingshaw to the Red Room to show him the moths, it seems that hooper just wants to show off. but her immediately recognises that Kingshaw is afraid when, upon him seeing the moths, kingshaw â€Å"drew in his breath sharply†. Hooper realises this then mocks him and tries to order him to touch one. Kingshaw tries really hard not to touch it but hopper watches him and runs out of the room, locking the door behind him.another example of hoopers cold-b looded actions is when his guest, Kingshaw arrives he immediately tries to make Kingshaw feel unwelcome even before Kingshaw gets through the front door by throwing a lump of plasticine that reads† I DIDN’T WANT YOU TO COME HERE†. At one point kingshaw decided to explore around the surroundings but on his way back a hovering crow attacks him hooper then finds out kingshaws fears of dead things, later on hooper takes a stuffed crow and attempts to scare kingshaw, Kingshaw knew â€Å"the crow was not real, that it was stuffed and dead.† there are alot of dead things around the house this made Kingshaw feel even more miserable.After a while in the novel the writer has shown us how much Kingshaw disliked Warring’s, and how it was so unbearable for Kingshaw to stay there, he soon decided to pursuit his miseries and hopefully fine what he has longed for which was freedom, he sets out but then is stopped when he is attacked by a crow. he is in shock and fri ghtened and has no idea what will happen next but still continues to go.He thinks he is free and starts to enjoy his freedom â€Å"Kingshaw didn't look back† this shows how convinced he is about escaping from hopper and his mischievous. Hangwood is where Kingshaw escaped to he enjoyed it there due to the feeling that he was completely hidden and everything around him seemed innocent and pure. when Kingshaw had first stepped into the forest it looked dark and gloomy he was scared and thought of the forest as a threatening place.When he finally makes his escape the first thig he sees is the dead rabbit this is a foreshadow of his death in the future. Kingshaw soon becomes obsessed with the river and doesn't want to leave all of this foreshadows kingshaws death. Symbolism is a key method of writing that susan hill uses. this helps us to have a more deeper understanding of the novel and portrays power and the ability to unlock darker parts of their personality. for example when K ingshaw saw the â€Å"yew trees† it would symbolise death because yew trees are usually found in cemeteries King of the Castle The settings in ‘I’m the King of the castle’ beautifully portrays on how the character feels and thinks, she does this by having lucid themes that show emotions of the characters reflecting onto the theme. This means the reader can feel the atmosphere seemingly throughout the novel. In the novel there is one main theme of which is based around hatred between hooper and Kingshaw. straight from the start of when they meet hooper makes sure to let his feelings be shown. so throughout the novel Kingshaw and hooper are continuously battling each other, hooper immediately takes the role of being a bully.At Waring’s house the setting shows that it isn't a very pleasant place to stay in, the house lacks the warmth and homeliness of a proper home. â€Å"Warings was ugly. It was entirely graceless, rather tall and badly angled, built of dark red brick. At the front, and on both sides, there was the lawn, sloping downwards to a graveled drive, and then into the lane, and without any tree or flower-bed to relieve the bald greenness. †the house being made of â€Å"dark red bricks† contributes a very imposing, blood colour. The house was always comfortless and it looked graceless and boring this made Kingshaw feel as he was not at home.The room in which he had stayed in always had a presence of death due to the gloomy and morbid atmosphere. He lacked the love he desired and was left with the dreadful feeling of isolation in his own mind. The house built badly can contribute to the novel that no care was given into building the house including no love, this could reflect on hooper who stayed in the house which was only exposed to death and power. Kingshaw plays the role of a very weak character that is locked in his imagination. he has irrational fears.Although this might be normal for most children, his fears are so crippling they are far beyond the typical childish nightmare as one of the examples are fears of swimming pools. early i n the book Kingshaw is taken to a pool by his father he feared the water exceptionally, not only because he couldn't swim but, also because of its â€Å"glassy, artificial blueness† and he also feared how people looked huge, pale swolen underneath. another fear that kingshaw has is the fear of dead thing like crows, he describes them as having â€Å"ragged black wings† and â€Å"small, glinty eyes†.Kingshaw would constantly get his fears exploited by hopper during the novel. one example of this is when he brings kingshaw to the Red Room to show him the moths, it seems that hooper just wants to show off. but her immediately recognises that Kingshaw is afraid when, upon him seeing the moths, kingshaw â€Å"drew in his breath sharply†. Hooper realises this then mocks him and tries to order him to touch one. Kingshaw tries really hard not to touch it but hopper watches him and runs out of the room, locking the door behind him.Another example of hoopers cold-b looded actions is when his guest, Kingshaw arrives he immediately tries to make Kingshaw feel unwelcome even before Kingshaw gets through the front door by throwing a lump of plasticine that reads† I DIDN’T WANT YOU TO COME HERE†. At one point kingshaw decided to explore around the surroundings but on his way back a hovering crow attacks him hooper then finds out kingshaws fears of dead things, later on hooper takes a stuffed crow and attempts to scare kingshaw, Kingshaw knew â€Å"the crow was not real, that it was stuffed and dead.† there are alot of dead things around the house this made Kingshaw feel even more miserable.After a while in the novel the writer has shown us how much Kingshaw disliked Warring’s, and how it was so unbearable for Kingshaw to stay there, he soon decided to pursuit his miseries and hopefully fine what he has longed for which was freedom, he sets out but then is stopped when he is attacked by a crow. he is in shock and fri ghtened and has no idea what will happen next but still continues to go.He thinks he is free and starts to enjoy his freedom â€Å"Kingshaw didn't look back† this shows how convinced he is about escaping from hopper and his mischievous. Hangwood is where Kingshaw escaped to he enjoyed it there due to the feeling that he was completely hidden and everything around him seemed innocent and pure. when Kingshaw had first stepped into the forest it looked dark and gloomy he was scared and thought of the forest as a threatening place.When he finally makes his escape the first thig he sees is the dead rabbit this is a foreshadow of his death in the future. Kingshaw soon becomes obsessed with the river and doesn't want to leave all of this foreshadows kingshaws death. Symbolism is a key method of writing that susan hill uses. this helps us to have a more deeper understanding of the novel and portrays power and the ability to unlock darker parts of their personality. for example when K ingshaw saw the â€Å"yew trees† it would symbolise death because yew trees are usually found in cemeteries

Climate Changes Impact On Coral Reefs Environmental Sciences Essay

This undertaking is given by our instructor and we were supposed to compose about the clime alterations. I decided to compose about the subject â€Å" coral reef † . I want to cognize more about coral reefs, non merely the general facts about how they look like or what sort of coloring material they have, but more about the interesting facts. Why are they of import today, how we as human ruin them and what we can to halt this procedure? As it says on International Coral Reef Initiative â€Å" For the first clip since 1998, mass coral bleaching is impacting coral reefs across a broad country of Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. Bleaching has been reported in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Maldives, and parts of E Africa. I know it exists menaces against coral reefs, and I want to larn more about them and what are the effects of e.g. coral bleaching. In the quotation mark above it says that coral bleaching is increasing. Why? What are coral reefs?Coral reefs, indicated by ruddy points, are found preponderantly in tropical Waterss 30 grades north and South of the equatorCoral reefs are among the oldest ecosystems in the universe. They are located 30 grades north or South of the equator, chiefly in the Indonesia and Pacific Ocean. In the Bahamas at 32 grades at that place exists an exclusion. The coral reefs can populate at that place because of the warm H2O from the Gulf of Mexico. Today the coral reefs are the largest life construction on Earth and the Great Barrier Reef is the largest individual construction in the universe Coral are single animate beings and a individual coral is called polyp. Largely the polyp live in groups of 100s to 1000s indistinguishable animate beings, and organize a â€Å" settlement † . The procedure which formed the settlement is called budding and literally the original polyp transcripts itself and the settlement grows. There exist two ways for the coral to turn either add to their limestone or reproducing. When a coral attention deficit disorder to their limestone is means that they secrete more calcium carbonate around and under their cup. The coral will so turn both upwards and outwards. The 2nd method is by reproducing either asexually or sexually. In the nonsexual manner the coral produced indistinguishable ringers or in a sexual manner by directing out sperm or eggs. Corals are divided into three different types depending on where signifier. The first one and most common is fringing reefs. They are close to the seashore and they form a boundary line to project themselves. Barrier reefs are another type and are similar to fringing reef. These besides environment land multitudes, but form a boundary line at a distance. The 3rd group of reef are called atolls and are either egg-shaped or round. They are lying off the seashore. ( See beginning 4 + 6 )Why are corals of import?Today coral reefs are of import and necessary in the universe. Great Barrier Reef, which is the universe largest reef, stretches along the nor'-east cost of Australia. The reef consist of over 3A 000 single reef and has a length of 30A 000 kilometers. It is really possible to see it from the outer infinite. A satellite exposure of the Great Barrier Reef The reef includes 400 coral species, 2A 000 fish species and six of seven species of sea polo-necks. There are many different types of coral which have assorted colorss. ( See beginning 3 )Why are the corals deceasing?There are many menaces to coral reefs. Some menaces are natural happening such as marauders and hurricanes. These are made of course, but because of planetary warming the menaces harmonizing to the coral reefs addition. Others menaces are made by human among them overfishing and pollutions. Consequence of coral bleaching Marauders and hurricanes are natural happening and it is difficult to make something about these happening because they happen of course, still increasing of rainfall over a long period lessening coral growing. The coral reefs need sunlight, clear H2O, seawater with a specific salt and warm H2O ( 23 – 29 grades Celsius ) to populate. However, addition in the temperature degree and altered salt affects the coral reefs severely. Merely one grade rise in temperature influences the coral. The harm is called coral bleaching and involves that the coral expels the algae which gives the coral its coloring material. Alternatively of being colorful the coral takes on a blunt white visual aspect. The algae do n't return if the emphasis is prolonged and as a consequence the coral dies. â€Å" The bleaching is really strong throughout Southeast Asia and the cardinal Indian Ocean. The studies are that it is the worst since 1997/1998. This is a truly immense event and we are traveling to se e a batch of corals deceasing † says Dr Mark Eakin Overfishing is a menace made by human. Today many people are dependent on fish as an income and nutrient, still overfishing is a job. It affects the coral by â€Å" taking cardinal species from the marine nutrient concatenation † . Furthermore the methods used to catch fish can besides be harmful to the coral. For case 15 states use nitrile fishing which involves dumping toxicant onto reefs to stupefy fish for easier assemblage. The toxicant does n't merely impact the fish, but besides the reefs. Another sensational method is called blast fishing, utilizing explosives to stupefy fish, and the method is used by more than 40 states. As a consequence of the detonation the coral are ripped apart and destroyed. On the other manus, addition of the H2O degree increases the thriving for harmful algae and other rivals. More rivals and harmful algae mean less infinite for the coral to growing. Likewise out of use sunlight lessening the growing for a coral and the coral can decease. ( Se e beginning 5 )Decisionâ€Å" Seventy per centum of coral reefs may be gone in less than 40 old ages if the present rate of devastation continues † . This destructing procedure has to be stopped, and it needs to be shortly. Coral reefs are place to over 1 million different species and protect the coastal metropoliss. In add-on to this, coral reefs create 1000000s of occupation and unafraid income for many people in more than 100 states in the universe. However coral reefs are a nutrient beginning for the people who live near the reefs, particularly the people on little islands. Another interesting fact is that without the being of coral reefs, parts of Florida would be under H2O. ( See beginning 7 )Beginningshypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htmHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ † url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htmHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html † url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/coral-reef1.htm ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/coral-reef2.htm ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/what-are-corals ( 06.12.10 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/benefits-coral-reefs ( 06.12.2010 )

The Learning Process

According to constructivist theories of learning, an individual learns concepts by interpreting and developing meanings of things, such as their experiences or information encountered, based on their existing knowledge. (Newhouse, Trinidad, & Clarkson, 2002, p.7; Richardson, 2003, p. 1625) Accordingly, individual learning occurs in two ways: first, by acquiring knowledge from his or her interaction with his or her immediate environment; and second, by gaining knowledge from formal settings and instruction. (Newhouse, Trinidad, & Clarkson, 2002, p. 7) Thus, an individual learns from his or her active participation in making sense of new information and experience obtained from either an informal or formal setting. Critical thinking is a form of a higher order thinking skill or metacognitive process that involves collecting, sorting, analyzing, and concluding from information to meet a goal or objective. (Wilson, 2000, p. 7) Critical thinking goes beyond mere knowledge and concept acquisition. (ibid) It involves being able to judge the relevance of the knowledge acquired and knowing how to apply knowledge to varying areas or domains of learning. Improving thinking skills necessitate approaches that stimulate the learner’s interest and provide opportunities for the individual to relate his or her existing knowledge to new realities and experiences. For instance, Newhouse, Trinidad, & Clarkson (2002) suggest the use of computer-based learning systems in the classroom as a strategy to teach higher order thinking skills and improve the learning of students. (p. 11) The authors argue that computer technologies have the potential to create learning environments that support the development of problem solving and critical thinking skills in students by exposing them to experiences that require â€Å"extending and challenging their ways of thinking and acting.† (p. 13) Hence, computers allow students to improve the way they think and use knowledge. Work Cited: Newhouse, P.C., Trinidad, S., & B. Clarkson (2002). Quality pedagogy and effective learning with Information and Communications Technologies (ICT): a review of the literature. Perth, Western Australia: Specialist Educational Services. Richardson, Virginia (2003). Constructivist pedagogy. Teachers College Record, 105(9): 1623-1640. Wilson, Valerie (2000). Can thinking skills be taught? In Education Forum for Thinking Skills (appendix 3). Scottish Council for Research in Education. Retrieved April 27, 2008 from http://www.scre.ac.uk/scot-research/thinking/index.html   

Advantages of Discovery Learning

Advantages of Discovery Learning Jump to: Advantages of Discovery Learning Discovery learning was first put into writing by Jerome Bruner in the 1970’s. In part II of his book titled â€Å"The Quest for Clarity†, Bruner discusses his views on â€Å"the Act of Discovery†. Bruner states his belief that to successfully educate, the educator must first assess what is already known. In this essay Bruner summarizes the basic principles of discovery learning, their benefits, its process, and a set of experiments that Bruner used which according to him, proved his theory. This essay will use research that supports Bruner’s theory in an attempt to prove that discovery learning is more effective than direct instruction and explain how educators should teach in result of the research. What is discovery learning? Discovery learning is an approach to learning that can be facilitated by specific teaching methods and guided learning strategies. For this essay the term discovery learning will refer to learning that takes place within in the individual, the teaching and instructional strategies designed by the teacher, and the environment created when these strategies are used. Direct or traditional instruction are strategies used in teacher led classrooms, including lectures, drill and practice, and expository learning. Bicknell, Holmes, and Hoffman (2000) describe the three main attributes of discovery learning as 1) exploring and problem solving to create, integrate, and generalize knowledge, 2) student driven, interest based activities in which student determines the sequence and frequency, and 3) activities to encourage integration of new knowledge into the learner’s existing knowledge base. The first attribute to discovery learning is a very important one. By exploring problems, and coming up with their own solutions, student’s are taking an active role in creating integrating, and generalizing knowledge. Student’s are not passively taking in information , as they would during a lecture, but are coming up with broad applications for skills by taking risks, solving problems, and examining unique, but useful experiences (Bicknell-Holmes & Hoffman, 2000). This attribute of discovery learning dramatically changes the role of students and teachers, which some traditional teachers find hard to accept. The second attribute of discovery learning is that it encourages students to learn at their own pace (Bicknell-Holmes & Hoffman, 2000). This attribute allow students learning to progress freely as the student is ready to learn new material. Students must obtain a high level of motivation and take ownership in their learning for this attribute to be met. The third major attribute of discovery learning is that it is based on the principle of using existing knowledge as a basis to build new knowledge (Bicknell-Holmes & Hoffman, 2000). Students must be encouraged and provided with knowledge they already know to extend this knowledge and build ne w ideas. A good example of this is when students discover how to multiply a three digit number by a three digit number, by using their knowledge of multiplying a two digit number by a two digit number. The student would build on what they know about multiplication to come up with a new way of multiplying three digits by three digits.

The Theme Of Fame In Ex-Basketball Player By John Updike Essay

The Theme Of Fame In Ex-Basketball Player By John Updike - Essay Example Pearl Avenue in the poem symbolically represents the road to success, which is, according to the author, a hard one to follow. It has many â€Å"bends† and it â€Å"stops† and â€Å"cuts off† in many places, thus making it a difficult path to traverse. Nature does endow human beings with many talents. However, all the people who are gifted with such talents do not become famous and it transpires that achieving fame is not an easy task. Thus, by using the symbol of Pearl Avenue, to represent the road to fame, the author contends that humans cannot attain fame easily. This is the reason why, despite being a gifted player, Flick is not able to attain real fame. This is one of the main ideas that Updike wants to convey the theme of fame in this poem.In an interview, the author admits that most of his stories derive from his â€Å"interest in the phenomenon of an athlete outliving his time†. In the instant case, Flick does not remain totally committed to his ca ll. Though he is shown as a highly gifted player, whose â€Å"hands were like wild birds† and whom â€Å"the ball loved,† he fails to maintain the cutting edge of performance, and, therefore, his fame vanishes. Thus, the author implies that simply by being talented, an athlete cannot sustain the fame. On the other hand, he or she needs to remain dedicated to the game and continuously improve his or her performance. This is the second idea about fame that the author wants to communicate to his audience through this poem.